Curved magnets offer a rich phase diagram and hold great promise for next-generation spintronic technologies. This Letter establishes the paramount significance of high-order vortex states (e.g., 3𝜑 with winding number 𝑛 ≥2) in VSe2 nanotubes, which uniquely enable magnonic functionalities fundamentally inaccessible to conventional magnetic systems, and additionally, the superposition of high-order vortex and helical states is identified. These states arise from diameter-dependent competition between the nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic (𝐽1) and longer-range antiferromagnetic (𝐽2/𝐽3) couplings, as jointly validated through density-functional theory calculations and Heisenberg modeling of phase diagrams. Based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, we show that vortex states exhibit orbital angular momentum (OAM) hybridization governed by selection rules: magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and an external magnetic field couple the 𝑙 mode to 𝑙 ±2(𝑛1) and 𝑙 ±𝑛, respectively. For the 3𝜑 state, MAE couples the 𝑙 =0 mode with 𝑙 =±4, producing eight-petal magnon density patterns and providing a natural mechanism for generating high-OAM magnons. These findings establish a predictive theoretical framework for controlling high-order vortex states in curved magnets and highlight VSe2 nanotubes as a promising platform for exploring complex magnetism and for the development of future magnonic and spintronic devices.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 096703 https://doi.org/10.1103/jr3h-1674




